The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation. According to the Alliance for Audited Media , the Journal had a circulation of about 2.

The newspaper has won 40 Pulitzer Prizes through [3] and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8, , by Charles Dow , Edward Jones , and Charles Bergstresser. The Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a printed daily summary called the Customers' Afternoon Letter. Reporters Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser converted this into The Wall Street Journal , which was published for the first time on July 8, , and began delivery of the Dow Jones News Service via telegraph.

It was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism.

In , Barron's , America's premier financial weekly, was founded. Barron's descendants, the Bancroft family , would continue to control the company until The Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York.

Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in , and company CEO in , eventually compiling a year career as the head of the Journal. Kilgore was the architect of the paper's iconic front-page design, with its "What's News" digest, and its national distribution strategy, which brought the paper's circulation from 33, in to 1. Under Kilgore, in , that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize , for William Henry Grimes's editorials.

In , Dow Jones Newswires began a major expansion outside of the United States that ultimately put journalists in every major financial center in Europe, Asia, Latin America, Australia, and Africa. In , Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies and three Sunday newspapers. Later, the name was changed to "Dow Jones Local Media Group". In News Corp. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online , was launched in In , Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journal' s print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements.

On November 30, , Oasys Mobile and The Wall Street Journal released an app that would allow users to access content from the Wall Street Journal Online via their mobile phone. It "will provide up-to-the-minute business and financial news from the Online Journal, along with comprehensive market, stock and commodities data, plus personalized portfolio information—directly to a cell phone".

Many of The Wall Street Journal news stories are available through free online newspapers that subscribe to the Dow Jones syndicate. Pulitzer Prize—winning stories from are available free on the Pulitzer [11] web site. In September , the Journal launched a weekend edition, delivered to all subscribers, which marked a return to Saturday publication after a lapse of some 50 years. The move was designed in part to attract more consumer advertising.

In , the Journal launched a worldwide expansion of its website to include major foreign-language editions. The paper had also shown an interest in buying the rival Financial Times. The nameplate is unique in having a period at the end. On September 5, , the Journal included advertising on its front page for the first time. This followed the introduction of front-page advertising on the European and Asian editions in late News design consultant Mario Garcia collaborated on the changes.

The paper still uses ink dot drawings called hedcuts , introduced in and originally created by Kevin Sprouls , [18] in addition to photographs, a method of illustration considered a consistent visual signature of the paper.

The Journal still heavily employs the use of caricatures , notably those of Ken Fallin , such as when Peggy Noonan memorialized then-recently deceased newsman Tim Russert. The daily was awarded by the Society for News Design World's Best Designed Newspaper award for and Three months later, on August 1, , News Corporation and Dow Jones entered into a definitive merger agreement.

On December 13, , shareholders representing more than 60 percent of Dow Jones's voting stock approved the company's acquisition by News Corporation. In an editorial page column, publisher L. Gordon Crovitz said the Bancrofts and News Corporation had agreed that the Journal ' s news and opinion sections would preserve their editorial independence from their new corporate parent: A special committee was established to oversee the paper's editorial integrity. When the managing editor Marcus Brauchli resigned on April 22, , the committee said that News Corporation had violated its agreement by not notifying the committee earlier.

However, Brauchli said he believed that new owners should appoint their own editor. A Journal article quoted charges that Murdoch had made and broken similar promises in the past. One large shareholder commented that Murdoch has long "expressed his personal, political and business biases through his newspapers and television stations". Former Times assistant editor Fred Emery remembers an incident when "Mr.

Murdoch called him into his office in March and said he was considering firing Times editor Harold Evans. Emery says he reminded Mr. Murdoch of his promise that editors couldn't be fired without the independent directors' approval. Murdoch answered, according to Mr. These inflated sales numbers then enabled the Journal to charge similarly inflated advertising rates, as the advertisers would think that they reached more readers than they actually did.

In addition, the Journal agreed to run "articles" featuring Executive Learning Partnership, presented as news, but effectively advertising. In November , in an effort to cut costs, the Journal 's editor-in-chief, Gerard Baker, announced that layoffs and consolidation to its sections would take place. In addition, the current "Greater New York" coverage will be reduced and will move into the main section of paper.

Since , the Journal has been published in multiple sections. At one time, The Journal 's page count averaged as much as 96 pages an issue, [ citation needed ] but with the industry-wide decline in advertising, the Journal in —10 more typically published about 50 to 60 pages per issue. Regularly scheduled sections are:. In addition, several columnists contribute regular features to the Journal opinion page and OpinionJournal.

Its coverage spans art, fashion, entertainment, design, food, architecture, travel and more.

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Kristina O'Neill is Editor in Chief and Anthony Cenname is Publisher. Launched as a quarterly in , the magazine grew to 12 issues a year for Each issue is also available throughout the month in The Wall Street Journal' s iPad app.

In , the magazine launched its signature platform, The Innovator Awards. An extension of the November Innovators issue, the awards ceremony, held in New York City at Museum of Modern Art , honors visionaries across the fields of design, fashion, architecture, humanitarianism, art and technology.

The winners were: Alice Waters Humanitarianism ; Daft Punk Entertainment ; David Adjaye Architecture ; Do Ho Su Art ; Nick D'Aloisio Technology ; Pat McGrath Fashion ; Thomas Woltz Design. In , Adweek awarded WSJ. The Wall Street Journal has a global news staff of more than 2, journalists in 85 news bureaus across 51 countries.

The Journal won its first two Pulitzer Prizes for editorial writing in and Subsequent Pulitzer Prizes have been awarded for editorial writing to Robert L. Bartley in and Joseph Rago in ; for criticism to Manuela Hoelterhoff in and Joe Morgenstern in ; and for commentary to Vermont Royster in , Paul Gigot in , Dorothy Rabinowitz in , Bret Stephens in , and Peggy Noonan in Two summaries published in by the progressive blog Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting , and in by the Columbia Journalism Review [40] criticized the Journal 's editorial page for inaccuracy during the s and s.

They are united by the mantra "free markets and free people", the principles, if you will, marked in the watershed year of by Thomas Jefferson 's Declaration of Independence and Adam Smith 's Wealth of Nations. So over the past century and into the next, the Journal stands for free trade and sound money ; against confiscatory taxation and the ukases of kings and other collectivists ; and for individual autonomy against dictators, bullies and even the tempers of momentary majorities.

If these principles sound unexceptionable in theory, applying them to current issues is often unfashionable and controversial. Its historical position was much the same.

As former editor William H. Grimes wrote in On our editorial page we make no pretense of walking down the middle of the road. Our comments and interpretations are made from a definite point of view. We believe in the individual, in his wisdom and his decency. We oppose all infringements on individual rights, whether they stem from attempts at private monopoly, labor union monopoly or from an overgrowing government.

People will say we are conservative or even reactionary. We are not much interested in labels but if we were to choose one, we would say we are radical. Just as radical as the Christian doctrine. Every Thanksgiving the editorial page prints two famous articles that have appeared there since The first is titled The Desolate Wilderness , and describes what the Pilgrims saw when they arrived at the Plymouth Colony. The second is titled And the Fair Land , and describes the bounty of America.

It was written by a former editor, Vermont C. Royster , whose Christmas article In Hoc Anno Domini , has appeared every December 25 since During the Reagan administration , the newspaper's editorial page was particularly influential as the leading voice for supply-side economics. Under the editorship of Robert Bartley , it expounded at length on economic concepts such as the Laffer curve , and how a decrease in certain marginal tax rates and the capital gains tax could allegedly increase overall tax revenue by generating more economic activity.

In the economic argument of exchange rate regimes one of the most divisive issues among economists , the Journal has a tendency to support fixed exchange rates over floating exchange rates.

For example, the Journal was a major supporter of the Chinese yuan 's peg to the dollar, and strongly disagreed with American politicians who criticized the Chinese government about the peg. It opposed China's move to let the yuan gradually float, arguing that the fixed rate benefited both the United States and China.

The Journal 's views compare with those of the British publication The Economist , with its emphasis on free markets [ citation needed ]. However, the Journal demonstrates important distinctions from European business newspapers, most particularly in regard to the relative significance of, and causes of, the American budget deficit. The Journal generally points to the lack of foreign growth, while business journals in Europe and Asia blame the low savings rate and concordant high borrowing rate in the United States.

The Journal 's editorial pages and columns , run separately from the news pages, are highly influential in American conservative circles. As editors of the editorial page, Vermont C.

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Royster served — and Robert L. Bartley served — were especially influential in providing a conservative interpretation of the news on a daily basis.

The editorial board has long argued for a pro-business immigration policy. In a July 3, editorial, the board wrote: There shall be open borders. The Journal 's editorial page has been seen as critical of many aspects of Barack Obama 's presidency. In particular, it has been a prominent critic of the Affordable Care Act legislation passed in and has featured many opinion columns attacking various aspects of the bill.

The editorial board of The Wall Street Journal tends to reject widely held views on climate change—namely that it poses a major threat to human existence, is largely caused by fossil fuel emissions, and can be prevented through public policy.

The Journal is regarded as a forum for climate change skeptics , [49] [50] publishing articles by scientists skeptical of the consensus position on climate change in its op-ed section, including several essays by Richard Lindzen of MIT. Also, none of editorials published in the WSJ since concede that the burning of fossil fuels was causing climate change.

It was also the most likely to present negative economic framing when discussing climate change mitigation policies, [55] tending to taking the stance that the cost of such policies generally outweighs their benefit.

The Journal ' s editors stress the independence and impartiality of their reporters. In a study, Tim Groseclose and Jeff Milyo argue the Journal 's news pages have a pro-liberal bias because they more often quote liberal think tanks.

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They calculated the ideological attitude of news reports in 20 media outlets by counting the frequency they cited particular think tanks and comparing that to the frequency that legislators cited the same think tanks. They found that the news reporting of The Journal was the most liberal more liberal than NPR or The New York Times.

The study did not factor in editorials. The company's planned and eventual acquisition by News Corp in led to significant media criticism and discussion [58] about whether the news pages would exhibit a rightward slant under Rupert Murdoch.

An August 1 editorial responded to the questions by asserting that Murdoch intended to "maintain the values and integrity of the Journal. The Journal has won more than 30 Pulitzer Prizes in its history. Staff journalists who led some of the newspaper's best-known coverage teams have later published books that summarized and extended their reporting.

In , a bidding war ensued between several financial firms for tobacco and food giant RJR Nabisco. Bryan Burrough and John Helyar documented the events in more than two dozen Journal articles. Burrough and Helyar later used these articles as the basis of a bestselling book, Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco , which was turned into a film for HBO.

In the s, then Journal reporter James B. Stewart brought national attention to the illegal practice of insider trading. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in explanatory journalism in , which he shared with Daniel Hertzberg , [61] who went on to serve as the paper's senior deputy managing editor before resigning in Stewart expanded on this theme in his book, Den of Thieves.

David Sanford, a Page One features editor who was infected with HIV in in a bathhouse, wrote a front-page personal account of how, with the assistance of improved treatments for HIV, he went from planning his death to planning his retirement.

Jonathan Weil , a reporter at the Dallas bureau of The Wall Street Journal , is credited with first breaking the story of financial abuses at Enron in September Emshwiller reported on the story regularly, [65] and wrote a book, 24 Days.

The Journal claims to have sent the first news report, on the Dow Jones wire, of a plane crashing into the World Trade Center on September 11, They relocated to a makeshift office at an editor's home, while sending most of the staff to Dow Jones's South Brunswick, N.

The paper was on the stands the next day, albeit in scaled-down form. Perhaps the most compelling story in that day's edition was a first-hand account of the Twin Towers' collapse written by then-Foreign Editor and current Washington bureau chief John Bussey, [67] who holed up in a ninth-floor Journal office, literally in the shadow of the towers, from where he phoned in live reports to CNBC as the towers burned.

He narrowly escaped serious injury when the first tower collapsed, shattering all the windows in the Journal 's offices and filling them with dust and debris.

The Wall Street Journal - Wikipedia

The Journal won a Pulitzer Prize in Breaking News Reporting for that day's stories. In Kabul, Afghanistan , a reporter from The Wall Street Journal bought a pair of looted computers that Al Qaeda leaders had used to plan assassinations, chemical and biological attacks, and mundane daily activities.

The encrypted files were decrypted and translated. In , the paper won the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service , with its iconic Gold Medal, [70] for exposing companies that illegally backdate stock options they awarded executives to increase their value. Kate Kelly wrote a three-part series that detailed events that led to the collapse of Bear Stearns. A report [71] published on September 30, detailing allegations McDonald's had plans to drop health coverage for hourly employees drew criticism from McDonald's as well as the Obama administration.

The WSJ reported the plan to drop coverage stemmed from new health care requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. McDonald's called the report "speculative and misleading," stating they had no plans to drop coverage.

Razak responded by threatening to sue the New York-based newspaper. The report prompted a few governmental agencies in Malaysia to conduct an investigation into the allegation. In , a report written by the Journal' s John Carreyrou alleged that blood testing company Theranos ' technology was faulty and founder Elizabeth Holmes was misleading investors. NBC News Wall Street Journal Agence France-Presse Foreign pool Bloomberg BNA Washington Examiner Talk Radio News Service.

Fox News CBS Radio News USA Today MSNBC Time Yahoo! News Dallas Morning News. CBS News Bloomberg McClatchy Washington Times NY Daily News Salem Radio Roll Call. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see WSJ disambiguation.

Cover of The Wall Street Journal March 23, , with the headline story reporting on the Brussels bombings. Media of the United States List of newspapers. The Wall Street Journal Editorial Board. New York City portal. Alliance for Audited Media. Archived from the original on March 17, Retrieved June 9, The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, B1, August 1, Retrieved June 5, Expectations, Surprises, Disappointments ".

Poynter Online , September 21, Retrieved February 3, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 30, Press release, July 18, Retrieved August 19, Page One , accessed August 30, Society for News Design. Retrieved October 8, Ellison, Sarah, War at the Wall Street Journal: Inside the Struggle To Control an American Business Empire , Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, ISBN Also published as: War at The Wall Street Journal: How Rupert Murdoch Bought an American Icon", Sydney, Text Publishing, Retrieved August 1, Retrieved August 9, Gordon Crovitz , "A Report to Our Readers".

The Wall Street Journal New York , page A14, August 1, Retrieved September 27, Patrick, Martin Peers, and Andrew Higgins, "Calling the shots: In Murdoch's career, a hand in the news; his aggressive style can blur boundaries; 'Buck stops with me'" , Wall Street Journal , June 5, Retrieved October 13, Retrieved November 2, Retrieved July 25, Retrieved August 25, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. Lieberman, Trudy July—August Archived from the original on July 16, Retrieved August 26, Under Murdoch, Tilting Rightward at The Journal".

The case of Rupert Murdoch's purchase of the Wall Street Journal". Journalism Practice 8 6 pp: August 30, — via Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 24, Leading Voices in the Denier Choir: Conservative Columnists' Dismissal of Global Warming and Denigration of Climate Science. American Behavioral Scientist 57, No. Communication of climate projections in US media amid politicization of model science.

Nature Climate Change 2, , — doi: Retrieved February 17, Retrieved June 17, Representations of threat and efficacy in leading US newspapers' coverage of climate change.

Public Understanding of Science , doi: The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Retrieved November 6, Retrieved September 7, One Man's AIDS Tale Shows How Quickly Epidemic Has Turned ". The Wall Street Journal New York , November 8, Archived July 11, , at the Wayback Machine. The New Yorker , January 8, Logic says WSJ is safe with Murdoch". One Journey Through Desperation and Chaos ". The Wall Street Journal , page A1, September 12, Retrieved August 8, The Wall Street Journal New York , December 31, Retrieved October 29, Retrieved September 30, Retrieved April 22, How Elizabeth Holmes's House of Cards Came Tumbling Down".

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